Splints are generally classified according to their intended function. The two most common types of splints are the disengaging occlusal correcting splints and the mandibular or anterior repositioning splints.

Disengaging splints eliminate chronic and acute malocclusion and induce relaxation of the masticatory muscles. This is accomplished by introducing an optimum occlusal position, thus allowing a reorganization of the neuromuscular reflex activity and a deprogramming of the musculature.

Mandibular repositioning splints are used to prevent the disc-condyle complexes from returning to the fully occluded position…or to set the condyles in a more favorable condyle disc relationship in the fossa so that normal function can be established.

These splints are removable appliances. Typically constructed of hard acrylic, they fit over the occlusal surface of either the auxiliary or mandibular dentition to create a precise occlusal relationship with the teeth of the opposing arch.  A properly designed splint can:

• Break up “doodling” patterns and cover any facets of wear
• Protect the teeth from abnormal forces that may create a tooth fracture or cause breakage of restorations
• Protect the bony and soft tissue supportive structures against abnormal forces that would cause their breakdown
• Introduce an optimum occlusal position.
• Deprogram the musculature and reorganize neuromuscular reflex activity
• Alleviate any occlusal stresses to the posterior teeth by providing anterior guidance
• Encourage normal muscle function
• Alleviate occlusal stresses to the anterior teeth by providing anterior guidance
• Establish a new vertical relationship
• Alleviate occlusal stresses to the anterior teeth by controlling the vertical dimension
• Provide the teeth with protection from diurnal and nocturnal bruxism
• Provide a more stable or functional joint position

Successful management of bruxism depends on minimizing the abrasion of tooth surfaces by the wearing of a dental splint. When you consider the need for preventative care, the message is clear…potentially EVERYBODY needs Splint Therapy.

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